Explain the difference between random sampling and random assignment as related to true experimental design.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Varies.
Random sampling is the selection of individuals from the broader population and is used to try to maximize the generalizability of a sample’s findings. Thus, it affects external validity. Random assignment is the process of assigning individuals to groups in between-subjects designs in an attempt to distribute evenly across levels of the independent variable all individual differences. Random assignment occurs after a sample of participants have already been selected. Random assignment affects internal validity.
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The recency effect occurs when participants are asked to recall a list of words. One way to eliminate the recency effect is to
A. have participants say "la, la, la" while studying the list. B. present the list more slowly. C. have participants count backwards for 30 seconds after hearing the last word of the list. D. have participants see the words on a screen, rather than hear them.
Concerning the developmental pattern of religiosity and spirituality,
A. religiosity is strongest in middle age. B. levels of spirituality are lower than religiosity throughout adulthood. C. spirituality declines significantly in old age (particularly among women). D. adolescents tend to be neither spiritual nor show religiosity.
In the context of classifying emotions, which of the following is an example of a low-arousal positive emotion?
A. excitement B. autonomy C. ecstasy D. tranquility
Implications can include
a. the larger significance of the outcome. b. support of the theory from which the hypothesis was derived. c. practical applications. d. all of the above