What are order effects and what type of validity does it threaten?
What will be an ideal response?
Order effects occur when the order in which participants receive different treatments or participate in different groups causes changes in a dependent variable. It is a threat to internal validity.
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Before infants can do much, psychologists can test their hearing by measuring which behavior?
a. Babbling b. Sucking c. Hand grasp d. Urination
Nikita is a very religious teenager. What factors in the environment are associated with higher religious involvement among adolescents like Nikita?
What will be an ideal response?
When children are asked by researchers to describe what kind of aggressive behavior they have experienced among friends, which of the following gender differences is observed?
A. Girls report more aggression of all kinds. B. Boys report an equal amount of relational and physical aggression. C. Boys almost never report relational aggression. D. Girls report more relational aggression and boys more direct physical or verbal aggression.
Which of the following is a problem limiting the applicability of cross-cultural personality research?
a. Much less research has been conducted on personality in English-speaking countries than in Latin America. c. The majority of the research on personality has been done on children and the aged in Latin America. b. Much of the personality research that has been done in other languages have not been made widely available in English-language sources. d. The majority of the research on personality conducted in the English-speaking countries has not been well-documented until very recently.