An appropriate nursing diagnosis for a patient who manifests a psychological problem through frequent expressions of unfounded or excessive guilt or shame, states that he is unable to deal with situations, and has a hesitation to try new things would be:
a. Hopelessness
b. Powerlessness
c. Ineffective coping
d. Chronic low self-esteem
ANS: D
The behaviors mentioned in the situation are congruent with criteria for the diagnosis of chronic low self-esteem. The patient's symptoms go beyond powerlessness. Hopelessness does not involve feelings of guilt and shame. The data is not consistent with a diagnosis of ineffective coping.
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