Two groups of graduate students were given
rats and were told to teach them how to run mazes. Group 1 was told that they had "very smart" rats that should learn quickly. Group 2 was told that they had "very stupid" rats that should learn slowly. In actuality, neither group was any different, and the rats were randomly assigned. In spite of that, when the experiment concluded, Group 1 rats had learned the maze much more quickly. How can that be explained?
a) experimenter effect
b) placebo effect
c) subject bias
d) treatment effect
ANS: a
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When biological treatments are used for various mental disorders without knowing the specific cause of the problem, such treatments focus on
a. prevention. b. discovering the cause. c. establishing the correct diagnosis. d. symptom alleviation.
Hideki has been diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder and has begun psychotherapy. Since he is willing to undergo a combined treatment approach, the result a. is excellent since most patients seeking treatment eventually are symptom free. b. may be a reduction in symptoms or postponement of schizophrenia
c. is excellent only if he is willing to take medication. d. is poor since most patients go on to develop schizophrenia.
Doctor Emarih wants to know what conclusions he can draw from fMRI research. He has been reviewing criticisms of this technology and finds one of them to be incorrect. According to your textbook, which criticism is false??
a. ?An fMRI scan does not necessarily reveal how the mind works. b. ?An fMRI scan shows only the location of blood flow and oxygen activity in the brain. c. ?Researchers may be accepting the value of fMRI too readily. d. ?fMRI technology shows us how the brain produces thoughts and feelings with a remarkable amount of precision.
Which of the following is NOT an indicator that you have a problem with anger?
a. Being around angry people is frightening to you. b. People say you seem angry, but you don't feel angry. c. You avoid conflict at any cost. d. You think you should never get angry.