You are a forester charged with increasing productivity in a South American forest newly planted with pines from Oregon
You believe that the southern forest lacks the fungal diversity needed by the North American pines, and that this lack of fungi is affecting the pines' productivity, but you have no evidence to support your ideas. To count how many fungal species were present in the Oregon forest, which methodology would you choose?
A) Count all the plant species and multiply by six, as David Hawksworth did when determining the ratio of fungal to plant species in England.
B) Collect all the fruiting structures (mushrooms, morels, etc.) found above ground.
C) Do direct sequencing on representative soil samples from across the forest.
D) Expose the trees to radiolabeled carbon dioxide and then collect the soil samples with the greatest radioactivity and do direct sequencing.
Answer: C
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The respiratory pigment you would find in a blue crab or octopus is
A. hemocyanin. B. hemoglobin. C. hemophilin. D. ferritin. E. calmodulin.
If the concentration of a ligand is 100 times greater than the Kd of its receptor, _______ of the receptors will be bound to a ligand.
A. few B. none C. most D. half
Clues from geology and paleontology suggest that simple cells, or their precursors, arose about _____ years ago.
A. 6 million B. 4 billion C. 2 billion D. 1 million E. 3 million