Name and describe the three major educational approaches for teaching deaf and hard-of-hearing children
What will be an ideal response?
Name and describe the three major educational approaches for teaching deaf and hard-of-hearing children.
Answers will vary but should reflect the following information found on pages 309-315 of the textbook.
Oral/Aural
• views speech as essential
• intent for student to function in hearing world
• speech training incorporated in all aspects of child's education
• tries to develop residual hearing
• attention given to amplification, speechreading, learning, cued speech, technological aids
• much emphasis on talking
• pointing, gesturing, and spelling out words may be discouraged
• 1/4 of programs are solely oral/aural
Total Communication
• simultaneous presentation of language by both speech and signing
• may include manually coded English and/or fingerspelling
• manually coded English characterized by speaking while signing with an effort to follow the form and structure of English
• there is some concern about the standard of signing in total communication classrooms
• 29% of students who are deaf and hard of hearing attend such classrooms
• based on a belief that speaking English and using manual communication simultaneously makes it possible for children to use either or both types
Bilingual/Bicultural
• ASL is a language in its own right, not an imperfect variation of spoken English
• proponents of ASL and Deaf culture believe ASL is best route to linguistic competence; some consider ASL as the first language of the deaf
• this approach seeks to teach competence in 1st language
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