What are the two main types of extraneous variable, and how do they differ? Which one is more problematic for the integrity of an experiment, and why?
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Confound and nuisance. Confounds vary systematically with the manipulation of the IV; nuisance variables introduce noise due to individual differences and random variability in testing conditions. Confounds are more problematic because they introduce unwanted alternative explanations for the results.
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According to the serial-position effect, subjects tend to show better recall for items ____ of a list than for items ____
a. at the beginning and end; in the middle b. in the middle; at the beginning and end c. at the end; at the beginning d. in the middle; at the beginning
Chamberlin (1990) compared 13- to 18-year-olds in Oregon Treatment Foster Care (OTFC) to those teenagers treated in community residential treatment. Over a two year follow-up period, those in the OTFC group were found to be
A. less likely to be incarcerated and more likely to complete treatment. B. more likely to be incarcerated and less likely to complete treatment. C. less likely to be incarcerated and less likely to complete treatment. D. more likely to be incarcerated and more likely to complete treatment.
In college, Edward comes to the realization that his own beliefs are often subjective. He notes that his roommate, who holds vastly different beliefs from his own, has his own "truth." Edward is engaged in
A) pragmatic thought. B) dualistic thinking. C) relativistic thinking. D) commitment within relativistic thinking.
In comparison to sexual activity patterns and pregnancy rates in Europe, teenagers in the United States are _______ likely to be sexually active and _______ likely to become pregnant:
a. more; less b. equally; more c. less; less d. more; equally