Identify an important institutional reform in congressional history. Explain how and why this reform was achieved with reference to one or more of the explanations outlined in the text.
What will be an ideal response?
Students should clearly identify a reform and explain how one or more of the following explanations helps explain why it passed: increased workload, increased size of Congress, interbranch conflict, partisan interests, and/or individual interests. Students should provide information on the individuals who supported and opposed the reform and the strategies they used. The best essays will consider alternate explanations for the reform and provide counterarguments.
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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1.The federal budget separates capital and current expenditures. 2.Much of the federal budget is uncontrollable in any one year. 3.Agencies are permitted to spend money not allocated by Congress. 4.Agencies may enter into contracts that bind the federal government to pay a certain amount for specified goods and services without going through the appropriations process. 5.Money that Congress appropriates each fiscal year needs to be spent during that fiscal year.
In the San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (1973), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
a. education was a fundamental right under the U.S. Constitution. b. education was not a fundamental right under the U.S. Constitution. c. education must be considered a fundamental interest of the state. d. education must not be considered a fundamental interest of the state.
Which of the following was a fear expressed by the new Constitution's critics?
A) Americans would consider themselves superior to other nations and declare war unreasonably. B) The rights of the wealthy upper classes would not be protected because of the principle of equality before law. C) A republican form of government would not work in a nation the size of the United States. D) A slave rebellion would ensue because the problem of slavery in the northern states was unresolved despite widespread disapproval. E) Extensive individual freedom in the hands of the common people would lead to chaos.
All of the following are characteristics of a bureaucratic institution EXCEPT for ______.
A. a hierarchical structure of authority in which commands flow downward and information flows upward (for coordination and control) B. a division of labor (to reap the advantages of specialization in taking on complex tasks) C. a career system, with appointment and advancement by demonstrated merit and often considerable job security (to create incentives for loyal and effective performance) D. treating everyone as individuals (to create a personal feel)