Conditions that can lead to bronchiectasis include which of the following? 1. Chronic airway infection 2. Muscular dystrophy 3. Foreign body aspiration 4. Obliterative bronchiolitis
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1, 3, and 4 only
ANS: D
Chronic airway inflammation and infection can lead to bronchiectasis, a common finding in both cystic fibrosis and ciliary dyskinetic syndromes. In bronchiectasis, the airway is permanently damaged, dilated, and prone to constant obstruction by retained secretions. Other conditions that can lead to bronchiectasis include chronic obstructive lung diseases, foreign body aspiration, and obliterative bronchiolitis.
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