What are the three phases of attachment in infants identified by Mary Ainsworth and her colleagues?
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary. Mary Ainsworth and her colleagues (1978) identified the following three phases of attachment:The initial-preattachment phase lasts from birth to about three months and is characterized by indiscriminate attachment.The attachment-in-the-making phase occurs at about three or four months and is characterized by preference for familiar figures.The clear-cut-attachment phase occurs at about six or seven months and is characterized by intensified dependence on the primary caregiver, usually the mother.
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Because development is multidirectional, at all ages, individuals can compensate for losses by:
A. accepting the inevitability of growing older. B. improving existing skills and developing new ones. C. seeking out developmentally supportive contexts. D. avoiding talking about them.
Dr. Nguyen is studying how the quality of breakfast influences academic performance for elementary school children. A sample of 100 children is selected. Fifty children are provided with a nutritious breakfast when they arrive at school each morning. The other 50 children are given a doughnut each morning. After three months, Dr. Nguyen records the academic achievement level for each child and
compares the two groups of scores. In this example, how many levels are there for the independent variable? a. 1 b. 2 c. 50 d. 100
In Bandura's theory of observational learning, steps taken during observation to improve later recall of a model's behavior are called ________
a. mnemonic processes b. cognitive processes c. retentional processes d. memorial processes
As part of your senior thesis, you want to study the effects of advertising on young children during Saturday morning cartoons. Which of the following is the first step you will need to take?
A. Get informed consent from the group of children you will be using as subjects. B. Obtain approval for your project from the human participants institutional review board at the university you are attending. C. Recruit students from a local school to be subjects. D. Find a place for all the children to watch television together on a Saturday morning.