Which is not an explanation for the failure of specific deterrence?

A) The stigma of having been in prison labels people.
B) Criminals who are punished know the likelihood of getting caught twice for the same type of crime is high.
C) Experiencing the harshest punishments may cause severe psychological problems.
D) Punishment may produce defiance rather than deterrence.
E) If money can be made from criminal activity, there will always be someone to take the place of the incarcerated offender.


B

Criminal Justice

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Fill in the blank with correct word.

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The congregate system is part of which model?

a. Pennsylvania system b. New York system c. Walnut Street Jail d. Western Pennsylvania Prison

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