In Decker v. Northwest Environmental Defense Center, where an environmental group sued the EPA and other parties because logging companies were not required to have pollution discharge permits for rain runoff on logging roads. The appeals court held that the rain runoff was associated with industrial activity, so discharge permits were required. The Supreme Court held that:
a. under federal law, runoff from any kind of road is not a pollutant that required a permit
b. EPA's interpretation of the relevant statute concerning water pollution was reasonable so discharge permits were not to be imposed
c. EPA's interpretation of the relevant statute concerning water pollution was arbitrary and capricious so discharge permits would be required
d. discharge permits were not necessary as EPA asserted, but the logging endangered the spotted owl, so greater regulatory oversight was required of logging operations
e. there was no violation of the Clean Water Act because it only applies to emissions from industrial facilities such as factories, not trucks on a road
b
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Business strategy is a strategy that ______.
a. attempts to address the fundamental question of what industries and markets in which the organization should enter and compete b. attempts to address the fundamental question of how a company can compete in a particular industry c. attempts to address the fundamental question of how to improve the company’s operations d. attempts to address the fundamental question of what advertising strategy to follow
Most franchisors provide trade name, but are not allowed to detail operations
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Functional teams are also known as ________ teams
A) control B) cluster C) command D) community E) committee
The open systems anchor of organizational behavior states that:
A. organizations affect and are affected by their external environments. B. organizations can operate efficiently by ignoring changes in the external environment. C. people are the most important organizational input needed for effectiveness. D. organizations should avoid internal conflicts to achieve efficiency. E. organizations should be open to internal competition to be able to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage.