Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are a central part of the treatment of heart failure because they have more than one action to address the pathological changes in this disorder
Which of the following pathological changes in heart failure is NOT addressed by ACE inhibitors?
1. Changes in the structure of the left ventricle so that it dilates, hypertrophies, and uses energy less efficiently.
2. Reduced formation of cross-bridges so that contractile force decreases.
3. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system that increases heart rate and preload.
4. Decreased renal blood flow that decreases oxygen supply to the kidneys.
3
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A patient in the postanesthesia recovery period is to be extubated. Why does the nurse suction the oral pharynx before extubation?
A) Reduces the risk of laryngospasm B) Increases mucosal moisture C) Increases patient comfort D) Decreases nausea and vomiting
In a client with addisonian crisis, assessment would indicate that the drug Kayexalate is not effective when the nurses assesses the clinical manifestation of
a. decreasing blood pressure. b. low back pain. c. pedal edema. d. rapid or erratic pulse.
A client was admitted 3 days ago with a myocardial infarction and has developed pulmonary edema. The family is asking the nurse about the cause of pulmonary edema. The nurse shares with the family which of the following best explanations?
1. The cardiac muscle has been injured and is not able to efficiently pump the blood through the client's system, resulting in an increased pressure in the pulmonary system. 2. The pulmonary system was injured first due to hypoxia, which caused the heart attack. 3. The cardiac muscle is working too hard to push fluids through the pulmonary system and there is fluid excess as a result. 4. The pulmonary system has an excessive amount of fluid that has been building over the last several days and now the heart is no longer able to keep up with the demands.
The nurse is communicating with a primary care provider about medical interventions prescribed for a client. Which statement is the best example of appropriate assertive communication by the nurse?
1. "That new medication you prescribed for the client is ineffective.". 2. "I am worried about the client's blood pressure. It remains high even with the new medication.". 3. "Can we talk about this client?" 4. "Excuse me, Doctor, I think you need to do something about the client's blood pressure.".