Explain how an experiment may become unbalanced and ways to counterbalance.
What will be an ideal response?
May vary. Experiments become unbalanced when elements are presented to
subjects in a predictable order, resulting in potential carry-over effects. Unbalanced
experiments are caused by attrition, incomplete responses, reluctance to participate,
bias and purging. Having a balanced experiment produces greater statistical power.
Balance can be both achieved and corrected by assigning more subjects to a group.
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A sociologist sets up an experiment on television violence and children. She shows one set of children (group A) violent cartoons and then observes their play. She shows a second set of children (group B) nonviolent cartoons and then observes their play. Which of these groups would be considered the experimental group?
A. group A B. group B C. neither group D. both groups
Aaron grew up in a violent urban area. Todd grew up in a non-violent suburban area. Subcultural theory suggests that __________
A) Aaron has a greater chance than Todd of being violent. B) Todd has a greater chance than Aaron of becoming violent C) Aaron and Todd are equally likely to be violent D) neither Aaron nor Todd will be violent
Whole-brain death is a state in which a person's brainstem is the only part of the brain that is functioning.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
In general, older adults are
A. more anxious about death because they feel impending doom. B. more likely to have depression because of the many losses they have suffered. C. more likely to have feelings of guilt because they feel stagnation instead of generativity. D. less anxious about death because they are more likely to have ego integrity.