Which findings typically cause an individual with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) to first seek medical care?
A) Peripheral edema and dyspnea on exertion
B) Shallow and fast respirations
C) Cyanosis and clubbing of fingernails
D) Dyspnea on exertion and cough with minimal sputum production
D) Dyspnea on exertion and cough with minimal sputum production
Explanation: A) IPF has an insidious onset that begins with dyspnea on exertion (DOE) and/or a cough that produces very little sputum. Disease progression may occur in a steplike process, with periods of relative stability, then marked worsening of the disease with an acute exacerbation. Deterioration of lung function can occur secondary to an infection, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, or heart failure. Even at rest, individuals with IPF have rapid, shallow respirations to limit the work of ventilating stiff lungs. Bibasilar inspiratory crackles and clubbing of the distal fingers are commonly present. Disease progression or acute exacerbation may cause increasing DOE, hypoxemia, and cyanosis. Heart failure and peripheral edema also may occur.
B) IPF has an insidious onset that begins with dyspnea on exertion (DOE) and/or a cough that produces very little sputum. Disease progression may occur in a steplike process, with periods of relative stability, then marked worsening of the disease with an acute exacerbation. Deterioration of lung function can occur secondary to an infection, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, or heart failure. Even at rest, individuals with IPF have rapid, shallow respirations to limit the work of ventilating stiff lungs. Bibasilar inspiratory crackles and clubbing of the distal fingers are commonly present. Disease progression or acute exacerbation may cause increasing DOE, hypoxemia, and cyanosis. Heart failure and peripheral edema also may occur.
C) IPF has an insidious onset that begins with dyspnea on exertion (DOE) and/or a cough that produces very little sputum. Disease progression may occur in a steplike process, with periods of relative stability, then marked worsening of the disease with an acute exacerbation. Deterioration of lung function can occur secondary to an infection, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, or heart failure. Even at rest, individuals with IPF have rapid, shallow respirations to limit the work of ventilating stiff lungs. Bibasilar inspiratory crackles and clubbing of the distal fingers are commonly present. Disease progression or acute exacerbation may cause increasing DOE, hypoxemia, and cyanosis. Heart failure and peripheral edema also may occur.
D) IPF has an insidious onset that begins with dyspnea on exertion (DOE) and/or a cough that produces very little sputum. Disease progression may occur in a steplike process, with periods of relative stability, then marked worsening of the disease with an acute exacerbation. Deterioration of lung function can occur secondary to an infection, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, or heart failure. Even at rest, individuals with IPF have rapid, shallow respirations to limit the work of ventilating stiff lungs. Bibasilar inspiratory crackles and clubbing of the distal fingers are commonly present. Disease progression or acute exacerbation may cause increasing DOE, hypoxemia, and cyanosis. Heart failure and peripheral edema also may occur.
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