Anthropological theories in the 21st century are
a. developed independently of the theories of the earliest anthropologists.
b. merely hypotheses that anthropologists use in the field to help guide them.
c. often built upon what was learned from earlier theories.
d. entirely new concepts due to rapid modernization of the United States.
e. no longer based on the simple ideas of the 18th century theories.
ANS: C
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What example of cultural misunderstanding did anthropologist Jill Kleinberg find in her study of Japanese-owned firms in the United States?
A) The American employees were frustrated by the lack of opportunities to advance, and the Japanese managers felt the Americans were too hard to manage. B) The American employees were very time-oriented, while the Japanese managers were frequently late to meetings. C) The American employees were very formal when speaking with their co-workers or supervisors, but the Japanese managers had a relaxed, informal style. D) The American employees felt the workday was too long, while the Japanese managers complained about the laziness of the workers.
Why might a superior innovation not be adopted?
A) The costs of adopting the new innovation might exceed the benefits. B) People may not be intelligent enough to master the new technology. C) The habits of the old system are more important than finding something that works better. D) New innovations are generally viewed suspiciously for a while.
The use of bottled oxygen at high altitudes is an example of a(n):
A. behavioral adjustment B. acclimatory adjustment C. developmental adjustment D. none of these
Bergmann's rule
a. states that a linear body with long arms and legs is optimal for cold climates. b. concerns the relationship between climate and shape and size of appendages. c. states that bodies with increased mass or volume to surface area are optimal for cold climates. d. is based upon the principle that as arms increase in length, there is a corresponding increase in surface area. e. is based on the principle that heat is retained at the body surface.