The nurse explains to a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia that the therapeutic action of Gleevec (Imatinib) is to:
A) bind directly DNA or RNA to block the aberrant cancer-causing gene product.
B) silence genes that are implicated in causing the growth of cancer causing cells.
C) selectively increase transcription levels of certain genes.
D) promote the replication of healthy genetic material.
A) bind directly DNA or RNA to block the aberrant cancer-causing gene product.
Explanation: A) Cancer treatments have been developed in which an antisense oligonucleotide (sequence of complementary nucleotides) is used to directly bind the DNA or RNA to block the aberrant gene product. Gleevec (Imatinib) is the most publicized example of this approach in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia, which is caused by the BCR-ABL fusion gene.
B) Gene replacement therapy works by expressing or silencing genes that are implicated in disease processes. DNA or RNA is engineered to be delivered (often via virus) into an individual so that target cells take up the gene and then express its protein product.
C) Transcription factor modulators selectively increase or decrease transcription levels of certain genes. Not being cell specific, transcription modulation must be used carefully, considering the potential side effects, but these may be limited in the future by cell-specific targeting.
D) Gene replacement therapy works by expressing or silencing genes that are implicated in disease processes. DNA or RNA is engineered to be delivered (often via virus) into an individual so that target cells take up the gene and then express its protein product. It does not promote the replication of healthy genetic material.
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The client has gout and receives allopurinol (Zyloprim). The nurse has completed medication education and evaluates that learning has occurred when the client makes which statements?
1. "It may take a few days or weeks for me to get the full effect of this medication." 2. "I should not drink alcohol while taking this drug." 3. "If I develop a skin rash I should contact the prescriber." 4. "I should not crush this medication." 5. "I should take this medication with food."
A nurse provides teaching for a patient with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis who will receive the ganciclovir ocular implant (Vitrasert). Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
a. "My vision may be blurred for 2 to 4 weeks after receiving the implant." b. "Surgical placement of the implant is an outpatient procedure." c. "The implant will remain in place permanently." d. "The implant will slow progression of CMV retinitis."
Decreased surfactant production in the preterm lung is a problem because surfactant:
a. causes increased permeability of the alveoli. b. provides transportation for oxygen to enter the blood supply. c. keeps the alveoli open during expiration. d. dilates the bronchioles, decreasing airway resistance.
After giving birth to a preterm infant who is being cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), an adolescent client says, "My baby doesn't seem real because she's in the hospital and I'm at home." What can the nurse do to promote pare
A) Limit visits to the intensive care unit so as not to disrupt care of the baby needs. B) Explain that once the baby is discharged to home, she will have evidence that the baby is real. C) Have the mother visit when the baby is asleep or resting. D) Provide a picture of the infant including a footprint and current weight and length.