Describe the gender schema, and explain how it is developed and maintained by children in early and middle childhood. Apply this to an example.
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. The gender schema is a set of beliefs, observations, and expectations about how males and females should behave in a given culture.
2. Children create the gender schema when they know their own gender and begin to categorize objects and activities as masculine, feminine, or neutral.
3. This leads them to pay more attention and encode into memory events that are consistent with the gender schema and thus to create a stronger and more biased gender schema.
4. For example, a male child may develop a schema that includes stereotypical male activities, such as playing football or playing with cars and trucks. The male child is them primed to pay attention to events that are consistent with males playing football or with cars and trucks. He then develops a more biased gender schema based on this.
5. Parents who are more educated or who exhibit less gender-typical behavior themselves tend to have children who exhibit less gender-typical behavior, suggesting that the child's experiences shape the amount of bias in the gender schema.
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