Explain the philosophes' interpretation of the imperial movements, including the discussion of slavery in America.
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. The opposition to slavery of Diderot, Kant, and Herder opposition to slavery on the basis of a shared humanity
2. Herder's concept of cultural difference and mutual respect
3. Rousseau's critique of authority and limitations on democracy
4. the general association for Enlightenment ideas with European expansion, justifying empire as a means of improving European societies
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St. Petersburg:
A. was built on the Gulf of Sweden. B. exemplified Russia's new orientation to the West. C. was completed in 1709 but not inhabited until Russia defeated Sweden. D. was given that name by Lenin after the 1917 Russian Revolution. E. had been an important city for centuries when Peter the Great made it his capital.
What portion of American workers were wage-earning manual laborers?
A) about 10 percent B) nearly all C) about one quarter D) more than half E) about 2 percent
In the colonies, the viceroys were ________
A) the king's agents B) court justices C) military leaders D) provincial governors
Giuseppe Mazzini founded Young Italy after his release from imprisonment for his participation in
a. the revolution in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in the early 1820s. b. an attempt to invade Savoy in 1834. c. a constitutional government established in Naples in 1820. d. an unsuccessful insurrection by the Carbonari in the Papal states during 1831-1832. e. the revolutions of 1848.