Below are the headings listed in this section. Briefly fill in the following chart as the headings/terms pertain to “Makala.” (See also accompanying Close Listening chart in WOM, p. 102.)

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

•--Setting: a performance event (eboka) of Mabo, "a type of music and dance associated with net hunting." The purpose of presenting this song was partly ritual (preparation for hunting) and partly for the pleasure of learning new songs and dances.
•--Form and Texture: "sections of singing, drumming and dancing. Each song has a theme, that is, a text and a tune. By simultaneously improvising melodic variations, singers create a rich polyphony."
•--Timbre: Men and women of all ages sing "Makala," using a great variety of vocal timbres—chest and head voices (two types of similar vocal-tone qualities) to create a variety of tone colors from "tense or raspy to relaxed or breathy." Yodeling also occurs ("quick shifts between head and chest voices"). "[D]rum parts are played on drum skins that cover ends of carved, cone-shaped logs."
•--Theme: The song's melodic theme is often obscured by the rich, complex-sounding polyphony (many different melodies sounding simultaneously); improvisation on the melodic theme is encouraged. There is much use of vocables (wordless syllables which are also frequently found in Native-American songs—see Chapter Two.)