According to the Supreme Court's decision in Whren v. U.S, concerning the use of a pretext arrest in a drug search:
a. pretext arrests violate the Fourth Amendment.
b. courts should use a "balancing" test to decide the constitutionality of auto stops.
c. a search incident to a lawful arrest for a traffic violation is a reasonable Fourth Amendment search.
d. pretext stops and searches incident to them should be kept at a minimum.
c
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An investigation is successful when
a. no valid exists to close the case. b. the crime under investigation is promptly solved and the case is closed. c. no arrest is made. d. the case becomes inactive.
______ are drugs that reduce the sense of pain, tension, and anxiety, and produce a drowsy sense of euphoria.
a. hallucinogenics b. narcotics c. stimulants d. Type II substances
Which of the following is a characteristic of the nonintervention approach to corrections?
A. It does not jeopardize the safety of individuals in the community. B. It deters others from committing the same crime. C. It allows offenders to avoid the stigma of becoming an ex-convict. D. It punishes the offender for the harm that they caused.
Which of the following methods was used by most U.S. states in 2016 in the selection of their highest appellate court judges?
A. merit selection B. partisan election C. gubernatorial appointment D. nonpartisan election