Which of the following pairs shares a similar effect on response rate?
a. Reinforcement and punishment
b. Reinforcement and extinction
c. Punishment and extinction
d. Sensitization and habituation
c. Punishment and extinction
Answer feedback: The effect of punishment is to reduce response rate, similar to the effect of eliminating reinforcement for a previously reinforced response, which is the procedure of extinction. Like reinforcement and punishment, sensitization and habituation refer to increasing and decreasing response rate, respectively.
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Which of the following is a plausible explanation for how maternal influenza might lead to schizophrenia later in life?
A. The flu virus may lie dormant in the brain until adolescence, when it becomes active and initiates the degeneration that results in the symptoms of schizophrenia. B. The flu exposure may alter the fetal genes, such that a susceptibility to schizophrenia becomes part of the child's genetic makeup. C. Maternal antibodies could cross the placenta and interfere with brain development, such that the risk of developing schizophrenia is enhanced later in life. D. The flu virus frequently has long-term effects on the behavior of affected individuals; maternal infection with influenza may result in an environment that is likely to trigger schizophrenia in the susceptible individual.
Hull's system is exemplary in the degree to which it is quantifiable.?
a. True b. False
One study of interracial and African-American children who had been adopted into highly educated, upper-middle-class white families found the average of their IQ scores was __________
a) slightly below the national average. b) the same as the national average. c) substantially below the national average. d) slightly above the national average.
For a neuron, information may come in the ____________ and out the ________________
Fill in the blank with the appropriate word.