After measuring stress responses in dog handlers before and after competition, researchers found striking gender differences in ______.

A. cortisol levels
B. the biobehavioral response
C. affiliative behaviors
D. palpitation


B. the biobehavioral response

History

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Why has martyrdom become so important to Shi'a Muslims, the partisans of Ali?

A. Ali, whom they believed to be the true caliph, was assassinated by other Muslims. B. A strong vision of the afterlife cannot come soon enough for some Shi'as. C. Throughout his long life, Ali taught the importance of sacrifice. D. They have always been a minority among Muslims. E. They believe martyrdom is the only path to heaven.

History

Examine the picture of Lenin on page 797. What were the foundations of his philosophy? Could it be argued that Lenin was a child of World War I?

What will be an ideal response?

History

The essence of the "shogunate system" was that

a. governmental power became decentralized under the emperor. b. governmental power became centralized under the shogun, while the emperor ruled in name only. c. the emperor became the central ruler and the shogun became a nominal official. d. the military was put under complete civilian control. e. the peasants were granted the rank of samurai.

History

In which of the earliest civilizations discussed in the chapter would you have preferred to live, and why?

What will be an ideal response?

History