In contrast to occasional thieves, criminals who make a significant portion of their income from crime are known as:
a. proficient offenders. b. professional criminals.
c. specialized criminals. d. trained offenders.
b
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The ballot initiative offered a dramatic solution to the problem of California's overcrowded prisons and jails. Called Proposition 47, it proposed to downgrade a number of nonviolent felonies involving less than $950-including grand theft, shoplifting, writing bad checks, receiving stolen property, and drug possession-to misdemeanors. As a result of this change, offenders convicted of these crimes would probably not wind up behind bars. In 2014, thirty states passed legislation designed to lower incarceration rates, often by steering nonviolent offenders to community supervision. These policy choices reflect a small but significant trend in American corrections: fewer inmates. To be sure, these decreases do little to threaten our nation's title as "the globe's leading incarcerator." About
2.2 million Americans are in prison and jail. The United States locks up six times as many of its citizens as Canada does, and eight times as many as a number of European democracies. Still, the fact that politicians are willing to accept policies that reduce the number of inmates represents a sea change in the country's corrections strategies. Inmates today are serving more time due to: A. private prison growth. B. the chance of someone who is arrested going to prison today is much greater than it was thirty years ago. C. increased crime rates. D. "get tough" sentencing laws.
______ includes all murders not involving premeditation and deliberation.
a. Voluntary manslaughter b. Second-degree murder c. First-degree murder d. Involuntary manslaughter
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Jails and prisons are essentially the same, with no distinguishing features between the two. 2. Jails are long-term holding facilities designed to house sentenced felony offenders. 3. Prisons are generally operated by state or federal governments, while jails are typically operated by a county sheriff's department. 4. For some, incarceration is not a punishment; instead, it can be considered a lifestyle improvement. 5. Custodial organizations emphasize the caretaker function of corrections, such as controlling and observing inmates.
Which would be an example of a special jurisdiction agency?
A) University police B) Conservation officer C) Airport officer D) Park police E) All of the above are special jurisdiction agencies.