Explain why epithelial cells are the source of 80% to 90% of all cancers. Then list at least two types of epithelial cells,
and at least four types of cancer for which they are the source. What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: Epithelial cells divide more or less continuously throughout an individual’s life. Therefore, there is a higher probability that one or more mutations will occur during the cell division
process than there is within a cell that undergoes fewer cell divisions. Intestinal lining, duct
cells, and skin cells are examples of epithelial cells. Skin, breast, prostate, colon, and lung
cancers are all examples of epithelial cell sources of cancer.
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Embryogenesis in plants is about the same process as _____
A) cleavage in animals B) gastrulation in animals C) organogenesis in animals D) cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis in animals
Mismatch repair, base excision repair, and nucleotide excision repair are similar in that (select all that apply):
A. each repairs a single mismatched base. B. each repairs a short strand of mismatched nucleotides. C. each repairs multiple mismatched or damaged bases across a region. D. each uses an undamaged segment of DNA as the template to repair a damaged segment of DNA. E. none of these.
In snapdragons, FR = red flowers and FW = white flowers. Plants heterozygous for flower color have pink flowers. A cross between two pink-flowered plants will produce ____ red-flowered plants.
A. 100% B. 75% C. 50% D. 25%
Esophageal varices are a direct result of:
A) esophageal erosion. B) alcohol consumption. C) portal hypertension. D) cirrhosis of the liver.