Care in a managed system is provided by less experienced providers. Which of the following ethical principles is being influenced in this situation?
a. Autonomy
b. Beneficence
c. Nonmaleficence
d. Justice
ANS: D
Justice calls for equal distribution of health care with reasonable quality. Autonomy is the indi-vidual's right to choose a provider. Beneficence is influenced when excessive attention to cost containment supersedes or impairs the nurse's duty to provide measures to improve health or re-lieve suffering. Nonmaleficence is doing no harm, which is addressed when incorporating out-comes measures, evidence-based practice, and monitoring processes in plans of care.
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