Which nonpharmacologic interventions are appropriate for the nurse to use when treating pediatric clients in pain? Select all that apply
1. Regional nerve block
2. Cutaneous stimulation
3. Application of heat
4. Electroanalgesia
5. Use of EMLA cream
2, 3, 4
Explanation:
1. A regional nerve block involves injecting medications in an area that controls pain for a region of the body. It does not provide nonpharmacologic relief.
2. Massage and rubbing of the skin as well as swaddling and kangaroo care are nonpharmacologic means of relieving pain.
3. The use of heat (and cold) may help reduce pain sensations and utilizes no pharmacologic agents.
4. Electrical stimulation to the skin uses the gate control theory to relieve pain.
5. EMLA cream is a mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine that is applied to the intact skin. It is a pharmacologic pain relief method.
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