All of the following are advantages of attenuated vaccines over inactivated vaccines except
A. they produce infection but not disease.
B. they can mutate back to a virulent strain.
C. they require smaller doses.
D. they confer longer lasting protection.
E. they require fewer boosters.
Answer: B
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Chromosomes in which the normal order of a block of genes is reversed contain a(n)
A. duplication B. insertion C. inversion D. reciprocal translocation E. none of these
Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood of humans is transported
A. as dissolved CO2 in plasma. B. as bicarbonate ion in plasma. C. attached to hemoglobin in red blood cells. D. attached to hemoglobin in plasma. E. as carbonic acid.
The countercurrent exchange system found in fish gills maximizes gas exchange efficiency by:
a. producing rapid water flows across the gill surface. b. allowing water and blood to come in direct contact to maximize oxygen exchange. c. having a high concentration gradient of oxygen at the start of the capillaries. d. maintaining a high concentration gradient of oxygen along the entire length of capillaries. e. decreasing the oxygen content of the blood leaving the gill filaments
A major genetic cause of emphysema is deficiency of the protein alpha-1 anti-trypsin (AAT). AAT is an enzyme that inhibits the activity of another protein. What protein is most likely the normally inhibited target of AAT?
A. hemocyanin B. myoglobin C. carbonic anhydrase D. hemoglobin E. elastin-specific protease F. collagen