The plant alkaloid ricin is nontoxic inside castor beans, but becomes active when digested by an animal. The toxic form of ricin kills by

A. inactivating ribosomes needed for translation.
B. inactivating the animal's immune system.
C. releasing cyanide.
D. over stimulating the animal's heart rate.
E. binding to RNA polymerase.


Answer: A

Biology & Microbiology

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Electrons are transferred in the Citric acid cycle in the form of (carbon/oxygen/hydrogen) atoms to NAD+ and FAD.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

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Which of the following is not a member of the phylum Platyhelminthes?

a. fluke b. tapeworm c. flatworm d. ribbon worm

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The inner mitochondrial membrane contains numerous inward folds called cristae, which greatly increase the surface area of this membrane. Because ATP is produced on the inner mitochondrial membrane, cristae enhance the ability of the mitochondria to generate ATP.  What structure can be thought of as similar to these cristae?

A. Cartilage B. Bronchiole C. Finger-like projections of a human's small intestine D. Spiracle

Biology & Microbiology