Which of the following is true regarding cytokines?
A. Cytokines are secreted by TH cells and bind to receptors.
B. Cytokines are immune cells involved in producing antibodies.
C. Cytokines are secreted by pathogens during infection.
D. Cytokines bind to intracellular receptors.
E. Cytokines protect in the attack of pathogens by phagocytosis.
A. Cytokines are secreted by TH cells and bind to receptors.
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The universal donor is indicated by
a. column W. b. column Y. c. column Z. d. row W. e. row Z.
What must happen in order for a donor organ to not be rejected by the recipient?
a. The MHC complexes need to match as closely as possible. b. The recipient's plasma cells will be inactivated. c. The recipient's passive immunity pathway will be activated. d. The NK cells of the recipient will be inactivated. e. The cytotoxic T cells will be inactivated.
Which of the following organisms is commonly associated with biofilm formation in hospital settings?
a. bacillus cereus b. micrococcus lutes c. pseudomonas aeruginosa d. eschericia coli
Which evolved first?
a. prokaryotes c. eukaryotes b. organelles d. mitochondria