In the United States, restorative justice has probably been used most often for _____ offenders who commit relatively minor offenses
a. chronic
b. male
c. elderly
d. juvenile
Answer: d
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What tactics may involve physical contact or the use of chemical spray or stunning weapons?
A. Firm grips B. Impact techniques C. Pain compliance D. Force continuum
Police reports are written:
a. To document criminal investigations. b. To provide reference material and historical data. c. Both A and B.
Timothy Tyler was arrested for selling five grams of the hallucinogenic drug LSD to a friend who was working as an informant for the federal government. In 1996, Scott Walker was arrested for being a low-level pusher of LSD, cocaine, marijuana, and methamphetamine. If their arrests for these nonviolent offenses had happened today, Tyler and Walker-lacking criminal records-would have been punished with relatively short prison sentences. Instead, both of them are still behind bars and can expect to spend the rest of their lives there. Under a formula adopted by the U.S. government in 1987, federal judges could not deviate from strict sentencing guidelines for nonviolent crimes. For these offenders, the best hope for freedom is clemency, a process through which the president of the United
States or a state governor essentially forgives an inmate's wrongdoing and sets her or him free from prison. Those who favored a more severe punishment for Tyler would have been guided by the threat of punishment that reflects the principle of: A. specific deterrence. B. general deterrence. C. restoration. D. rehabilitation.
Which of the following terms best describes the offering of financial services to non-residents with lax regulatory regimes where companies can be formed rapidly and shares held anonymously?
a. Smurfing b. Microstructuring c. Hawala d. Offshore financial centers