Refer to the above supply and demand graph. Point A represents the current equilibrium level of output of this product and point B represents the optimal level of output from society's perspective. If government decides to correct this externality with a subsidy to consumers, then the:
A. demand curve will shift from D2 to D1.
B. demand curve will shift from D1 to D2.
C. supply curve will shift from S1 to S2.
D. supply curve will shift from S2 to S1.
Answer: B
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Calling long distance is often more expensive on weekdays between 8 am and 5 pm than in the evening hours. Why is this the case?
A) Telephone companies hope to discourage customers from calling long distance during the day to keep their labor costs down. B) Businesses who must call suppliers or customers during business hours have few alternatives and therefore have an inelastic demand during the workday compared to after-work hours. C) The cost of making long-distance connections is higher during the day than in the evenings. D) Increasingly, businesses who must call suppliers or customers during business hours resort to the internet, thereby reducing demand for long-distance calls. To make up for this fall in demand, telephone companies charge higher rates.
A person setting up automatic deductions through her employer so a portion of her pay goes into a "Christmas account" is an example of:
A. status quo bias. B. the endowment effect. C. positive framing. D. a commitment device.
A rain barrel is a container that captures and stores rainwater for landscape and garden use during dry periods. As a result, rain barrels benefit the community through water conservation. If homeowners do not consider this external benefit of rain barrels, then a. the socially optimal quantity of rain barrels will be larger than the equilibrium quantity of rain barrels. b. the socially optimal
quantity of rain barrels will be smaller than the equilibrium quantity of rain barrels. c. the socially optimal price of rain barrels will be lower than the equilibrium price of rain barrels. d. the market for rain barrels would benefit from a tax on rain barrels.
Jim enjoys the feeling of wind in his hair enough to ride his motorcycle without a helmet, even though he fully realizes the greater potential for injury it creates by not wearing one in the unlikely event he is in an accident. To an economist, Jim is
a. making an irrational choice. b. making a rational choice. c. not fully considering the personal costs and benefits of his decision. d. not responding to the incentives he faces.