During a care conference the nursing student differentiates between the different theories of caring when discussing client care. Which type of knowledge is the student demonstrating?
A) Aesthetic knowing
B) Ethical knowing
C) Personal knowing
D) Empirical knowing
Answer: D
This student is exhibiting empirical knowing as the student is able to analyze the different theories of caring. Aesthetic knowing is the art of nursing and is expressed in creativity and style in meeting the needs of the client. Personal knowing is concerned with knowing, encountering, and actualizing the concrete, individual self. Ethical knowing focuses on matters of obligation or what ought to be done, and goes beyond simply following the ethical codes of the discipline. Empirical knowledge is systematic and helps to describe, explain, and predict phenomena.
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