Compare and contrast traditional biological and modern biosocial theories. What is the primary focus of each type? What is the major distinguishing feature between historical and contemporary biological theories of criminality?

What will be an ideal response?


Answer: Answers should discuss the key focus of all biological theories. Key points should include:
• Early biological theories were simplistic, focused mainly on physical features and heredity, considered physical traits and inheritance
• Modern theories are more complex, more in-depth, examine a variety of influences on behavior, and suggest biological features are facilitators rather than determinants of behavior
• A major distinguishing feature is the degree of emphasis placed on the interplay between biology and the social and physical environments

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That form of training and attitudinal conditioning used to correct deficiencies without invoking punishment is known as:

A. Negative discipline. B. Positive discipline. C. Punishment. D. None of the above.

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As a result of In Re Gault the U.S. Supreme Court found that the proceedings of the juvenile court failed to comply with the Constitution. The Court held that juvenile proceedings had to comply with the requirements of the Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments. These requirements included all of the following safeguards except:

A. Adequate safeguards against self-incrimination. B. Absolute right to a trial by a jury. C. Notification of both the child and his parent as to the juvenile's right to counsel. D. Adequate notice of charges.

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A term applied to precedents set by the judges in the royal courts of England is law

a. statutory b. moral c. ecclesiastical d. common e. customary

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The Supreme Court's ruling in Board of County Commissioners v. Brown set the standard for liability in failing to train even a single officer.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

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