A patient has been diagnosed with dementia secondary to cerebral disease. The family members note the patient "has not been as sharp as he once was" and that he has devel-oped urinary incontinence and a gait disturbance
Which pathophysiology can cause such symptoms?
a. Normal pressure hydrocephalus
b. Vitamin B12 deficiency
c. Hepatic disease
d. Tuberculosis
ANS: A
Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a disorder characterized by dementia, gait disorder, and urinary incontinence. Dilation of ventricles in the absence of increased CSF is a prominent manifestation. Early urinary incontinence is not seen in the disorders listed in the other op-tions.
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