Discuss the importance of Alexander Maconochie with regard to the history of parole?
What will be an ideal response?
The superintendent was an ex-British naval officer and geography professor named Alexander Maconochie. As prison superintendent, he operated on three basic principles: (1) cruel and vindictive punishment debases both the criminal and the society that allows it, making both worse; (2) the purpose of punishment should only be the reformation (today we would say rehabilitation) of the convict; and (3) criminal sentences should not be seen in terms of time to be served, but rather in terms of tasks to be performed. To implement his programs, Maconochie required indefinite prison terms rather than fixed determinate terms so that convicts would have an incentive to work toward release. As we have seen, the type of sentence Maconochie advocated is known today as an indeterminate sentence.
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The traditional role of the police that has focused on the utilization of informal and formal techniques to intimidate, persuade and threaten people into compliance has been the:
a. legalistic style b. law enforcement role c. service style d. order maintenance role
Which of the following was NOT a right bestowed on juvenile defendants as a result of In re Gault?
A. The right to counsel B. The right to written notice of the charges C. The right to a public hearing D. The right to confront and cross-examine witnesses
What are some of the limitations of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
a. The NCVS includes only seven offenses. b. Some individual variations in interviewing and recording style occur, resulting in variation in the information recorded. c. all of these d. The data reported suffers from the fact that memories may fade over time.
_______ are not reported in Part I or Part II of the offense section of the UCR
A) ?Drug offenses B) ?Traffic violations C) ?Liquor law violations D) ?Sex offenses E) ?Sexual assaults