If you ingest and digest a meal that contains components necessary for normal body function but too large to be transported across the plasma membrane through pores, by diffusion,
or aided by transport proteins, how could the macromolecules enter the cell?
Endocytosis is a common transport method for moving larger peptides and small proteins into the cells. The plasma membrane essentially collapses under the solute and forms a complete membrane sphere or vesicle that encapsulates the peptides. The membrane vesicle is internal to the plasma membrane and can be digested or release the contents into the cytoplasm.
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Why do obligate symbionts often contain lower G+C content when compared to free-living organisms?
A) Ancestral symbionts had low GC content genomes by chance, and these low GC content genomes are passed onto their progeny. B) Free-living organisms must have a more stable genome to survive; low G+C content organisms are often selected against in nature. C) Replicating high G+C content genomes requires several additional enzymes, to break apart the strong triple bonds formed from GC pairs, which are rarely found in symbionts with relatively small genome sizes. D) Symbionts usually do not have as many DNA repair mechanisms as free-living organisms, and two common spontaneous mutations change GC pairs into AT pairs.
A vector is a small segment of DNA that a gene of interest is inserted into for cloning
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The thick filaments of skeletal muscle ____
a. are composed of proteins with a double head and tail b. are composed of actin c. are attached to Z lines d. make up the light bands of the muscle e. are bead-like proteins
Fraternal twins
A. are the result of one fertilized egg dividing to become two individuals. B. do not usually have the same DNA. C. result from two eggs being fertilized by one sperm. D. result from one egg being fertilized by two sperms.