What led to and proceeded from the Council of Nicaea?
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary, but students should demonstrate an understanding of Arianism, which resulted in a theological controversy related to the relationship of the Christian God, the Father to that of Jesus. The Council of Nicea, assembled by Constantine, sought to unify Christian thought and condemned Arianism as a heresy, that is, an illegal belief. The bishops issued the Nicene Creed, which stated what all Christians were expected to believe and became the official statement of faith of the Roman Empire. The council also put the church on the Roman administrative model. Each city in each province was placed under the spiritual laced under the spiritual authority of a bishop and each province under the oversight of a higher-ranking bishop, called an archbishop. The bishops of three cities-Alexandria, Antioch, and?Rome-were each given the even higher rank of patriarch, as were the bishops of Jerusalem and Constantinople soon afterward.
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Within the wartime Grand Alliance, both the British and the Free French governments pursued the objective of
A) keeping their colonial empires intact. B) the division of postwar Germany into several weak partitions. C) abolishing spheres of influence as a legitimate basis for postwar international diplomacy. D) placing first priority on opening a second front against Germany in France.
The country whose independence was acknowledged by the Ottoman Sultan in 1799 was
A) Serbia. B) Montenegro. C) Romania. D) Greece. E) Bosnia.
All of the following are reasons the thirteen Atlantic seaboard colonies sought independence from Great Britain except
a. distinctive social structures. b. distinctive economic structures. c. distinctive political structures. d. a declining population in the thirteen Atlantic seaboard colonies. e. the appearance of a recognizably American way of life.
Industrialization in eastern and southern Europe was slow and underdeveloped because
A) specialized agriculture still brought in great profits. B) greater profits could be gained by the exports of its power resources, like coal. C) heavy taxes eliminated capital for investment. D) it lacked of cities. E) of resistance to adopt an economic system in which profit was not based on intensive labor needs.