The nurse is caring for a patient who is nearing death from a terminal illness. The patient is experiencing secretions in the back of the throat and dyspnea. Which medications should the nurse provide to assist this patient?
Select all that apply.
1. Oxygen
2. Morphine
3. Atropine
4. Scopolamine
5. Demerol
Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4
As death nears, respirations often become fast or slow, shallow, and labored. The patient may have apnea or Cheyne-Stokes respirations. Fluid may accumulate in the lungs, causing crackles, especially in patients who are well hydrated, and in those who are having difficulty swallowing or coughing. These manifestations may be treated with oxygen, opioids, and medications that reduce secretions, such as atropine and scopolamine. Meperidine (Demerol) is not useful for chronic pain because it has a short half-life and a toxic metabolite that can cause irritability and seizures.
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