Outline the evolution of the city and a few of the major trends in urbanization over time. Include a discussion of how the sociological study of the city has shifted over time

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Ans: Varies. Preindustrial cities, based on both agriculture and trade, first appeared 10,000–12,000 years ago. The development of settled agricultural areas enabled farmers to produce an agricultural surplus, food beyond the amount required for immediate survival. This surplus, in turn, made it possible to sustain urban populations who were not engaged primarily in farming. The industrial revolution of the 18th century radically changed the nature of cities, as industrial cities emerged as centers of manufacturing rather than as centers of trade. Industrialization developed alongside increasing urbanization, the concentration of people in urban areas. Postindustrial society has led to urban sprawl, with more companies relocating high-tech factories and office parks to suburban or rural locations. More recently, there is a “return to the city,” with urban renewal and gentrification.
KEY: Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization and the rise of global cities.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis