The nurse is instructing a patient with hypertension about lifestyle modifications. What would be appropriate to include in the teaching for this patient?
Select all that apply.
1. Review the DASH diet.
2. Begin a walking program, and progress to 30 minutes 5 to 6 days each week.
3. Plan a weight lifting regimen.
4. Eliminate dairy products from the diet.
5. Restrict fluid intake.
Correct Answer: 1, 2
Lifestyle modifications are recommended for all patients whose blood pressure falls within the prehypertension range and everyone with intermittent or sustained hypertension. These modifications include weight loss, dietary changes, restricted alcohol use and cigarette smoking, increased physical activity, and stress reduction. Dietary approaches to managing hypertension focus on reducing sodium intake, maintaining adequate potassium and calcium intakes, and reducing total and saturated fat intake. The DASH diet has proven beneficial effects in lowering blood pressure. Regular exercise reduces blood pressure and contributes to weight loss, stress reduction, and feelings of overall well-being. Previously sedentary patients are encouraged to engage in aerobic exercise for 30 to 45 minutes per day most days of the week. Isometric exercise, such as weight training, may not be appropriate, as it can raise the systolic blood pressure.
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