Analyze the current understanding of Piaget's preoperational stage based on follow-up studies.
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. When tasks and/or instructions are simplified, children as young as 4 can engage in logical thinking, and children as young as 3 are not as egocentric.
2. Young children can distinguish appearance from reality by age 3, contrary to Piaget's views.
3. However, under confusing or demanding conditions (as on conservation tasks), young children fall back on more simplistic thinking and make the errors Piaget described.
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A test that yields dependable and consistent results is ____
a. meaningful b. objective c. reliable d. valid
Tony and Tina can tell at birth that something is wrong with their son. Genetic tests indicate that the child has an extra chromosome in his cells and that chromosome is a sex chromosome. Which of the following does the child most likely have?
a. Klinefelter syndrome b. Down syndrome c. Hemophilia d. Turner syndrome
Compared with other cultures, how do Americans tend to differ in their odor categorization??
a. ?Americans tend to separate odor into broader categories. b. ?Americans tend to find body odor offensive. c. ?Americans are not as skilled at sorting odors into fruit or flower categories. d. ?Americans tend to clump all natural odors into one category.
If people have support from others and the skills needed to cope with challenge, then
a. their "negative" experiences can actually enhance personal growth. b. they are more likely to seek and accept easy comfort, security, and routine. c. they are more likely to see themselves passively as victims of circumstances. d. their emotions will tend to be suppressed and not expressed outwardly.