Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Globally, delinquent subcultures reflect the attempts of youth to resolve challenges presented by society.
2. Juvenile delinquency is particularly acute and is often associated with the problem of homelessness among children and adolescents in the Middle East.
3. Juvenile gangs are widespread throughout Asia.
4. Africa, in general, is characterized by a great deal of political instability and corruption, this is particularly true in nations such as Nigeria, Dakar, and Senegal.
5. The MS-13 gang membership has increased due to increased membership of U.S. citizens, usually of Mexican or Central American origin.


1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE

Criminal Justice

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a. Bifurcated system of justice c. Parallel system of justice b. Twofold system of justice d. Dual system of justice

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The place where the crime occurred is called the_____________

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

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How did Hirschi refine social control in 2004?

A. having little attachment to your parents B. the strength of one’s social bonds C. the tendency to consider the full range of potential costs of a particular act D. the tendency to consider the full range of benefits of an illegal or deviant behavior

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Which of the following standards of an effective evaluation indicates the need that evaluations be free of biases and conducted using best research practices?

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