The nurse gathering physical assessment data on an infant will often find it best to begin the assessment with examination of:
1. Head, hair, and scalp.
2. Ears, nose, and throat.
3. Musculoskeletal function.
4. Heart and lung sounds.
4
Rationale: Heart sounds can be impossible to hear if the infant is crying or fussy, so the initial assessment should start with auscultating heart and lung sounds while the child is quiet. Undressing the child to examine the musculoskeletal function or inserting an otoscope into the ear usually will cause the child to cry. Palpating the head and scalp risks making the infant cry as well, although the risk is lower.
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