Sedentarization, the rapid and progressive settling down of nomads, has been witnessed in recent decades. What are the causes of sedentarization?
In some cases, prolonged drought virtually eliminated the resource base on which the nomads depended. Traditionally, they were able to migrate far enough to find new pastures, but modern national boundaries now inhibit such movements. Some have returned with the rains to their desert homelands, but others have chosen to remain as farmers or wage laborers in villages and towns. In the Arabian Peninsula, the prosperity and technological changes prompted by oil revenues made rapid inroads into the material culture—and then the livelihood preferences—of the desert people; many preferred the comforts of settled life. Some governments, notably those of Israel and prerevolutionary Iran, were frustrated by their inability to count, tax, conscript, and control a sizable migrant population, and therefore forced the nomads to settle.
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