A nursing instructor is teaching about bipolar disorders. Which statement differentiates the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria of a manic episode from a hypomanic episode?
1. During a manic episode, clients may experience an inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, and these symptoms are absent in hypomania.
2. During a manic episode, clients may experience a decreased need for sleep, and this symptom is absent in hypomania.
3. During a manic episode, clients may experience psychosis, and this symptom is absent in hypomania.
4. During a manic episode, clients may experience flight of ideas and racing thoughts, and these symptoms are absent in hypomania.
3
Rationale: Three or more of the following symptoms may be experienced in both hypomanic and manic episodes: Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep (e.g., feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep), more talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking, flight of ideas and racing thoughts, distractibility, increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually) or psychomotor agitation, excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (e.g., the person engages in unrestrained buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments). If there are psychotic features, the episode is, by definition, manic.
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