In this chapter we learn that the most complete explanation of primary state formation is
A. the development of a four-level hierarchy composed of peasant villages, subchiefdoms, chiefdoms, and capital cities.
B. a biocultural approach such as Kent Flannery's broad-spectrum theory of state formation.
C. a multivariate approach such as Carneiro's theory of state formation.
D. a prime-mover explanation based on irrigation.
E. a set of nine ecological and social factors determining the evolution of social stratification.
Answer: C
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