The client has had prolonged urethral outlet obstruction. The nurse knows that physiologically, the client may likely develop small pockets of mucosal tissue, called cellulae, which can ultimately cause: Select all that apply

Question

A) Infections due to stasis
B) Backpressure on the ureters
C) Development of hydroureters
D) Sphincter dystonia

Answer 1

Ans: A, B, C
Feedback:
With continued outflow obstruction, this smooth surface is replaced with coarsely woven structures (i.e., hypertrophied smooth muscle fibers) called trabeculae. Small pockets of mucosal tissue, called cellulae, commonly develop between the trabecular ridges. These pockets form diverticula when they extend between the actual fibers of the bladder muscle. Because the diverticula have no muscle, they are unable to contract and expel their urine into the bladder, and secondary infections caused by stasis are common. Along with hypertrophy of the bladder wall, there is hypertrophy of the trigone area and the interureteric ridge, which is located between the two ureters. This causes backpressure on the ureters, the development of hydroureters and, eventually, kidney damage. Detrusor–sphincter dyssynergia is uncoordinated activity that causes overdistention. Sphincter dystonia is a cause of incontinence. Interstitial cystitis is a condition of increased sensitivity to bladder pressure, loss of bladder elasticity, and severe urgency unrelated to outlet obstruction.