Describe the “opportunity gap” and explain how it can lead to achievement gaps.
What will be an ideal response?
Many people speak of an “opportunity gap” defined as the pervasive lack of high expectations, lower per pupil spending, and lack of access to educational resources for many of the nation’s least advantaged children. The ways in which opportunity gaps can lead to achievement gaps takes the focus off the individual students and on to the circumstances to which they were born. Despite the discouraging effects of the mandatory testing due to NCLB, the results highlighted a pervasive and serious achievement gap along the lines of race and socioeconomic status.
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What is true about the development of speech and language in young children?
a. Speech occurs only with formal instruction. b. Speech becomes most evident between the ages of two and six years of age. c. Speech develops simultaneously with learning to read. d. Speech is the most important evidence of a child's intellectual development.
Susan carefully monitors her young daughter’s whereabouts, actions, and friends. If she continues this throughout her daughter’s adolescence Susan will reduce the likelihood or delay the onset for her daughter’s drug use during __________
A. middle childhood B. adolescence C. middle childhood, but not necessarily adolescence D. both middle childhood and adolescence
Which set of inquiry processes represents the most complex mental operations?
(a) idea-using processes (b) idea-building processes (c) data-generating processes (d) data-organizing processes
Which of the following is an example of categorical independent variable that cannot be manipulated?
a. Student’s special education status b. High school GPA c. Score on a personality test d. Peer rankings of friendships