Describe the following adverse effects for antipsychotic drugs: extrapyramidal side effects, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and hyperprolactinemia.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Extrapyramidal side effects consist of tremor, muscle rigidity, and involuntary movements. Tardive dyskinesia is a motor disorder that affects muscles primarily around the mouth and other parts of the face. Characteristic features of tardive dyskinesia include facial tics and rhythmic, involuntary movements of the jaw such as chewing or teeth grinding, involuntary use of the tongue such as in lip licking, or excessive lip smacking and pursing. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome resembles symptoms of influenza, including sweating and fever, whereas other symptoms include blood pressure changes, autonomic nervous system irregularities such as changes in heart and breathing rate, and muscle rigidity. Hyperprolactinemia occurs from abnormally high blood levels of prolactin over prolonged periods of time. The symptoms of hyperprolactinemia include reduced lactation, loss of libido, disruptions in menstrual cycles, erectile dysfunction, and hypogonadism.
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false